Cervical cancer is highly preventable — and screening is the key. In Ontario, regular cervical screening helps detect changes early, before they become cancer. Whether you're 25 or older, vaccinated or not, there are easy steps you can take to stay safe. This page explains who should get screened, how HPV testing works, and why the HPV vaccine matters.​

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What Does Cervical Cancer Look Like?

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Cervical cancer is a growth of cells that starts in the cervix. The cervix is the lower part of the uterus that connects to the vagina.

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A Quick Walkthrough of Pap Smears

 

 

 

 

Who Should Get Screened?

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The Ontario Cervical Screening Program recommends screening every 5 years for people who:

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• Are 25 years or older

• Are a woman, Two-Spirit, transmasculine, or nonbinary person with a cervix

• Have ever had sexual contact

• Have no current symptoms, like unusual vaginal bleeding or discharge

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You should still get screened even if you:

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• Had the HPV vaccine

• Feel completely healthy

• Have been through menopause

• Have no family history of cervical cancer

• Have only had one sexual partner

• Have not had sexual contact in a long time

• Only had protected sex

• Are in a same-sex relationship

• Are pregnant

• Had a subtotal hysterectomy and still have your cervix

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Note: If you’ve never had sexual contact, you likely do not need screening.

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What Is HPV and Why Is It Important?

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HPV (Human Papillomavirus) is the main cause of cervical cancer. Ontario now uses HPV testing to assess your risk during screening.

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• The procedure is the same as a Pap test – a swab is taken from your cervix.

• If HPV is detected, don’t worry — your clinic will follow up and monitor more closely.

• If your result is negative, you’ll be recalled for screening again in 5 years.​

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What About the HPV Vaccine?

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The HPV vaccine is a safe and effective way to prevent cervical cancer. It protects against the strains of HPV most likely to cause cancer.

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• It’s offered in Grade 7 through public health programs

• It’s covered by OHIP when given in school

• Anyone can get vaccinated — ask us at your next visit if you're interested - private insurance or pay out of pocket ~$300 

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